Financial Statement 2027 – Obligations, Deadlines, And Key Information For Entrepreneurs

A financial statement 2027 is a document that entrepreneurs and other entities required to keep accounting books must prepare for the financial year 2026. In practice, this means closing the accounting books. Next, an e-financial statement must be prepared, signed, and approved. Finally, it is submitted to the appropriate system. The National Court Register, or the Head of the National Revenue Administration (KAS in Poland).

This article explains who needs to prepare a financial statement in 2027 and what the key deadlines are. It also covers how to prepare an e-financial statement, as well as who should sign and approve it. Finally, it outlines the changes to be aware of when planning your reporting obligations.

What Does the Financial Statement 2027 Cover?

As a general rule, financial statement 2027 covers the financial year 2026. If your financial year matches the calendar year, the balance sheet date will be 31.12.2026, and the most important deadlines will fall in 2027.

In practice, every entrepreneur should plan for three key stages:

• preparing the financial statement for the year 2026;
• having the statement approved by the appropriate body;
• submitting the approved statement to the appropriate register or system.

Who Must Prepare a Financial Statement For 2026?

The obligation to prepare a financial statement applies primarily to entities that keep accounting books. This is governed by the Accounting Act of 29 September 1994. The deciding factor is not only the legal form of the business. What matters above all is whether the entity keeps full accounting records.

Entities required to prepare a financial statement for 2026 include:

• limited liability companies;
• joint-stock companies;
• simple joint-stock companies;
• limited partnerships;
• limited joint-stock partnerships;
• certain general partnerships and professional partnerships;
• foundations and associations that keep accounting books;
• sole traders, if they are required to keep accounting books or have voluntarily chosen to do so.

It is worth noting that a sole trader registered in the Central Registration and Information on Business (CEIDG) register may also be subject to this obligation. This applies provided they keep full accounting records.

Who Is Not Required to Prepare a Financial Statement?

Not every entrepreneur must prepare a financial statement. Some entities use simplified accounting records. These include the tax revenue and expense ledger or lump-sum taxation. As a rule, such entities are not required to prepare a financial statement under the Accounting Act of 29 September 1994.

General partnerships of individuals and professional partnerships deserve particular attention. Some entities may be exempt from preparing a financial statement. This applies when their net revenues for the previous financial year fall below the statutory threshold. An additional condition is that they do not keep full accounting records. In such cases, however, they are still required to act. They must submit a declaration to the National Court Register (KRS) confirming that they are not obliged to prepare and file an annual financial statement.

Key Deadlines For Financial Statement 2027

The deadlines for financial statements arise from the Accounting Act. They depend on the balance sheet date. For most entities whose financial year matches the calendar year, the balance sheet date falls on 31.12.2026.

Table 1. Financial Statements For 2026 – Key Deadlines

If the statement is approved before 30.06.2027, the filing deadline also falls earlier — 15 days after the date of approval.

What Should the Financial Statement for 2026 Contain?

The scope of the financial statement depends on the type of entity and any applicable simplifications. As a general rule, a standard annual financial statement includes:

• a balance sheet;
• a profit and loss account;
• supplementary notes.

Certain entities may also be required to prepare additional elements, such as:

• a statement of changes in capital;
• a cash flow statement;
• a management report;
• an auditor’s report;
• a resolution approving the financial statement;
• a resolution on profit distribution or loss coverage.

Table 2. Components of the Financial Statement and Additional Documents

E-Financial Statement 2027 – Format And Structure

The 2027 e-financial statement must be prepared in electronic form. For entities entered in the KRS, the financial statement must be prepared in a logical structure. This structure and format are provided by the Ministry of Finance in Poland.

In practice, this means producing a file that complies with the current technical structure. It is not enough to prepare the document in PDF format or to scan a paper statement.

The key rules are as follows:

• Financial statements must be prepared electronically.
• The file must comply with the correct logical structure.
• The statements must be electronically signed.
• The documents must be submitted through the proper system.

Changes in E-Financial Statements – What to Consider in 2027

When preparing the 2027 financial statements, current e-reporting structures are especially important. The Ministry of Finance publishes the applicable schemas. These may change depending on the type of entity and reporting period.

In practice, this means you should always verify the latest structures before preparing the statements. Using an outdated schema may cause the file to be rejected by the system.

Businesses should also check whether their accounting software supports the current format. A file prepared under an outdated structure may not be accepted.

Before preparing the statements, it is worth checking:

• whether the current e-statement schema is being used;
• whether the correct entity type was selected (e.g. micro, small, other);
• whether the statements were prepared in PLN or thousands of PLN, according to the chosen structure;
• whether signatures are applied in the correct order and by the right persons;
• whether the accounting system can generate a valid XML file.

Who Signs the Financial Statement 2027?

The financial statements must be signed by:

• the person responsible for maintaining the accounting books;
• the head of the entity.

If the entity is managed by a multi-member governing body, the statements should be signed according to the Accounting Act of 29 September 1994.

Currently, at least one member of the multi-member body may sign the statements. The remaining members must submit declarations confirming compliance with the law, or refuse to submit such declarations.

Accepted forms of signature:

• qualified electronic signature;
• trusted signature;
• personal signature.

A refusal to sign the financial statements requires a written justification. This justification must be attached to the financial statement.

Approval of the Financial Statements for 2026

After the statements are prepared and signed, they must be approved by the competent approving body.

The approving body may include, among others:

• shareholders’ meeting in a limited liability company;
• general meeting of shareholders in a joint-stock company;
• partners of a general partnership, professional partnership, or limited partnership;
• owner of a sole proprietorship;
• another competent body specified in the company’s articles of association or agreement.

For entities whose financial year matches the calendar year, the 2026 financial statements should be approved no later than 30.06.2027.

Financial Statement 2027 – Where to Submit the Documents?

The place of submission depends on the type of entity.

Entities Registered in the National Court Register (KRS in Poland)

Entities entered in the National Court Register submit their financial statements to the Financial Documents Repository through the electronic system. As a rule, the filing is made by a person authorised to represent the entity.

CIT Taxpayers Not Registered in the National Court Register

Corporate income tax taxpayers who are not entered in the National Court Register may be required to prepare financial statements. If so, they must submit statements to the Head of the National Revenue Administration.

PIT Taxpayers Keeping Accounting Books

Personal income tax taxpayers who keep accounting books and prepare financial statements submit them to the Head of the National Revenue Administration by the deadline for filing their annual tax return.

Audit of Financial Statements – When Is It Mandatory?

Not every financial statement must be audited by a statutory auditor. However, the audit requirement applies to certain entities. For example: banks, insurance companies, joint-stock companies, and other entities meeting statutory thresholds for employment, total assets, and revenue.

If the entity is subject to an audit, the auditor’s report must be attached to the documents filed after approval of the financial statements.

In practice, entrepreneurs should determine the audit obligation in advance. Selecting an auditor and carrying out the audit requires time.

Most Common Mistakes When Preparing Financial Statement 2027

Preparing the 2027 financial statements requires good organisation and formal control.

The most common mistakes include:

• preparing the statements after the deadline;
• using an outdated XML structure;
• missing signature of the person responsible for bookkeeping;
• missing signature of the head of the entity;
• incorrect designation of the entity type;
• missing required resolutions after approval;
• failure to submit within 15 days of approval;
• submitting documents to the wrong system;
• failing to consider the mandatory audit requirement.

Penalties for Failure to Submit Financial Statements

Failure to submit financial statements on time may lead to serious consequences. Liability is borne primarily by the head of the entity, e.g. members of the management board.

Possible sanctions include:

• a fine;
• restriction of liberty;
• enforcement proceedings;
• appointment of a court-appointed curator;
• dissolution of the entity and removal from the National Court Register in extreme cases.

In practice, the registry court may order the entity to submit overdue documents within an additional deadline. Failure to respond increases the risk of further consequences.

Financial Statement 2027 – Practical Timeline for Entrepreneurs

To avoid mistakes, it is worth preparing an internal work schedule.

Example Timeline

• January–February 2027 – closing the books, inventory count, verification of balances.
• By 31 March 2027 – preparation and signing of the financial statements.
• April–June 2027 – document review, possible audit, preparation of resolutions.
• By 30 June 2027 – approval of the statements.
• Within 15 days of approval – submission of documents to the National Court Register or the Head of the National Revenue Administration.
• Within 15 days of approval – final closing of the accounting books.

Financial Statement 2027 – Summary

The financial statement 2027 will cover data from the 2026 financial year. They should be prepared in accordance with the Accounting Act of 29 September 1994 and the current electronic reporting structures. For entities whose financial year matches the calendar year, the key deadline for preparing the financial statements is 31 March 2027. The key deadline for approval is 30 June 2027. The deadline for filing the documents is generally 15 days from the date of approval.

It is important not only to meet the deadlines. The correct file format is also important. Proper signatures are required. The full set of documents must be prepared. The financial statements must be filed in the correct system. Errors in these matters may result in liability for the head of the entity. They may also cause registration problems.

Need Support With the Financial Statement for 2026?

If you want to ensure the financial statements 2027 are prepared correctly and submitted on time, contact us. Professional support helps reduce the risk of formal mistakes. It helps to avoid sanctions and problems when filing electronic financial statements.

FAQ – Most Common Questions About Financial Statement 2027